In the United Kingdom, employees are entitled to paid annual leave and may also take sick leave, subject to specific rules on accrual and medical certification.
Employment in United Kingdom
Employment in the United Kingdom combines a relatively high statutory wage floor with progressive taxation and mandatory social contributions. The national minimum wage corresponds to an annual full‑time equivalent of GBP 26,436.8, and employees typically face income tax rates ranging from 20% to 45% depending on their earnings, with specific bands and slightly different structures in Scotland. Employees usually contribute between 2–8% of pay towards workplace pensions and National Insurance, while employers bear around 15% in statutory on‑costs through National Insurance, the apprenticeship levy, and workplace pension contributions, making total employment costs meaningfully higher than gross salary alone.
Onboarding time
We can help you get a new employee started in United Kingdom fast. The minimum onboarding time we need is only 48 hours. Our team ensures fast, compliant employee onboarding and payroll processing. The onboarding timeline starts once the employee submits all required information via the NEO platform.
Payroll
In the United Kingdom, payroll costs include statutory employer and employee contributions such as National Insurance and workplace pensions, along with an apprenticeship levy for certain employers.
Employee payroll components
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Employer payroll components
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Taxes
The United Kingdom applies progressive income tax rates that vary by income band and, in Scotland, by a distinct set of Scottish income tax rates. There is also a specific 100% rate used for the High Income Child Benefit Charge (HICB). All figures below refer to annual income.
UK (excluding Scotland) income tax bands
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Scottish income tax bands (SCT)
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Minimum wages
Working hours
In the United Kingdom, a standard full-time work schedule is 40 hours per week, typically spread across Monday to Friday.
Leave
Overview
Paid annual leave
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Paid time off is provided on an annual (anniversary) basis, with a fixed entitlement each leave year starting in January. Unused days cannot be carried over into the next leave year.
Sick leave
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Sick leave is structured on an anniversary-year basis, with the leave year starting in January. A medical certificate is required after a set number of days of sickness.
Public holidays
The United Kingdom observes several nationwide public holidays that typically provide employees with paid time off, subject to their employment contracts.
United Kingdom public holidays in 2026
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Expenses
Submission deadlines
Employees must submit, and clients must approve, expenses within the same calendar year in which they are incurred. Prior-year expenses are not accepted for reimbursement.
Approved business expenses reimbursed within the applicable limits are not subject to tax. Expenses submitted without the required documentation will be treated as taxable.
Communication and workspace expenses
Phone, internet, and coworking costs can be reimbursed when properly documented. Business-travel-related use is generally non taxable, while ongoing recurring services are treated as taxable benefits.
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Equipment and supplies
Laptops, office equipment and supplies, software, and postal charges are reimbursable when supported by invoices or receipts showing the key transaction details. These are generally non taxable when provided for business use, with a specific rule for home-working equipment.
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Travel expenses
Most genuine business travel costs are non taxable when backed by appropriate documentation. Commuting to a regular workplace is treated differently from business travel to temporary locations.
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Meals and entertainment
Reasonable meal and client entertainment costs can be reimbursed when supported by receipts. Groceries are treated differently depending on whether they relate to business travel or other personal use.
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Other reimbursable expenses
Training, courses, books, and promotional items can be reimbursed tax-free when incurred wholly for business purposes and supported by appropriate documentation.
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Fuel and mileage reimbursement methods
How employees claim travel costs depends on whether they use a company car, a rental car, or their own vehicle. Fuel and mileage cannot usually be claimed together for the same private vehicle journey.
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HMRC Advisory Fuel Rates (AFR) from 1 June 2026
For company cars, HMRC Advisory Fuel Rates apply by fuel type and engine size or charging method. These rates are used to calculate non-taxable reimbursement of business fuel costs and are reviewed every quarter in March, June, September, and December.
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Per diem policy
Per diems are not administered on this platform in the United Kingdom. Instead, employees should submit actual business trip expenses with supporting invoices and receipts for reimbursement. HMRC does allow employers who choose to do so to pay tax-free benchmark or bespoke subsistence rates for qualifying travel.
Bonuses and tax
Bonuses in the United Kingdom include contractual and discretionary payments such as incentives and commissions. They are taxed as regular income, including social security contributions, and under the Pay-As-You-Earn system the withholding in any pay period that includes a bonus may be higher than usual.
Allowances
In the United Kingdom, employers can offer a range of discretionary allowances as one-time or recurring benefits. These allowances are optional, treated as taxable income, and may be offered to one or more employees entirely at the employer’s discretion. They are submitted manually and do not require supporting documentation. If you want to gross up an allowance so the employee receives a specific net amount, you can request this by submitting a support ticket and stating the desired net figure.
Most allowances follow the same rules, with one notable exception: the Car Leasing allowance remains available throughout maternity leave.
Common discretionary taxable allowances
- Work From Home Allowance
- Car Leasing
- Gym Membership
- Medical Insurance
- Life Insurance
- Wellness
- Medical Cost
- Relocation
- Utilities
Termination
In the United Kingdom, employment contracts commonly include both a probation period and a notice period for termination. These terms must be clearly set out in the employment agreement.
Probation and notice periods
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